Szybko pojawiająca się podlinia SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki z mutacjami białka kolczastego D178H i białka błonowego V70L
Streszczenie Linia SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 jest wysoce zakaźna i według stanu na kwiecień 2021 r. stanowiła 92% przypadków COVID-19 w Europie i 59% przypadków COVID-19 w USA. Definiuje ją mutacja N501Y w domenie wiążącej receptor (RBD) białka Spike (S) i kilka innych mutacji. Należą do nich dwie mutacje w domenie N-terminalnej (NTD)białka S, HV69-70del i Y144del (znanego również jako Y145del ze względu na obecność tyrozyny w obu pozycjach). Niedawno zidentyfikowaliśmy kilka pojawiających się wariantów SARS-CoV-2, które charakteryzują się mutacjami białek błonowych (M), w tym I82T i V70L. Obecnie identyfikujemy podlinię B.1.1.7, która pojawiła się w wyniku sekwencyjnego nabycia M:V70L w listopadzie 2020 r., a następnie nowej mutacji S:D178H zaobserwowanej po raz pierwszy na początku lutego 2021 r.
Odsetek izolatów B.1.1.7 w USA należących do tej podlinii wzrósł z 0,15% w lutym 2021 r. do 1,8% w kwietniu 2021 r. Do chwili obecnej ta podlinia wydaje się być specyficzna dla USA, a przypadki zgłoszone w 31 stany, w tym Hawaje. Według stanu na kwiecień 2021 r. stanowił 36,8% wszystkich izolatów B.1.1.7 w Waszyngtonie. Analiza filogenetyczna i wnioskowanie o transmisji z Nextstrain sugeruje, że ta podlinia prawdopodobnie pochodzi z Kalifornii lub Waszyngtonu . Analiza strukturalna wykazała, że mutacja S:D178H znajduje się w NTD białka S i jest zbliżona do dwóch innych mutacji sygnaturowych B.1.1.7, HV69-70del i Y144del. Jest odsłonięty na powierzchni i może zmieniać trzeciorzędową konfigurację lub dostępność NTD, a zatem może wpływać na neutralizację przez przeciwciała skierowane przeciwko NTD.
Ukierunkowana degradacja białka poprzez szybką aktywację optogenetyczną i jej zastosowanie w kontroli sygnalizacji komórkowej
Opracowanie metodologii degradacji białek wyzwalanej optycznie umożliwia badanie dynamicznych funkcji białek, takich jak te związane z sygnalizacją komórkową , które są trudne do sondowania tradycyjnymi technikami genetycznymi. W tym miejscu opisujemy projekt i wdrożenie nowego kontrolowanego przez światło degronu peptydowego nadającego degradację szlaku N-end jego docelowemu białkowemu. Degron zawiera fotoklatowany N-końcowy aminokwas i bogaty w lizynę 13- resztowy łącznik. Klatkach przez N-końcową resztę, byliśmy w stanie kontrolować optycznie rozpoznawania N-degron przez E3 ligazy konsekwencji sterowanie ubikwitynacji i proteasomowego degradacji białka docelowego.
Wykazujemy szerokie zastosowanie, stosując to podejście do zróżnicowanego zestawu białek docelowych, w tym EGFP, lucyferazy świetlika, kinazy MEK1 i fosfatazy DUSP6 (znanej również jako MKP3). Klatkowy degron może być stosowany przy minimalnej inżynierii białek i zapewnia praktycznie całkowitą, wywołaną światłem degradację białka w skali od sekundy do minuty.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LILRB2. Recognizes LILRB2 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:1000-1:2000, WB:1:200-1:1000, IHC:1:25-1:100
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LILRB2. Recognizes LILRB2 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/10000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LILRB2. Recognizes LILRB2 from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IF; Recommended dilution: WB:1:500-1:5000, IF:1:20-1:200
Description: Members of the immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) family are activating and inhibitory immunoreceptors whose genes are located same locus that encodes killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR). Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Subfamily B Member 2 (LIR-2) is a type I transmembrane protein. LIR-2 is expressed primarily on monocytes and dendritic cells (DC). Human LIR-2 is produced as a 598 amino acino acid precursor including a 21 aa signal sequence, a 440 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmenbrane segment, and a 116 aa cytoplasmic domain. LIR-2 binds to Classical MHCI proteins. Ligation of LIR-2 incluces Tyr phosphorylation within its cytoplasmic ITIMs, a requirement for association with SHP-1. LIR-2 mediates tolerogenic DC-induced CD4+ T cell energy in vitro and in vivo.
Description: Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 (LILRB2) is also known as CD85 antigen-like family member D (CD85d), Immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT-4), Monocyte / macrophage immunoglobulin-like receptor 10 (MIR-10), which is a member of the the subfamily B class of LIR receptors. LILRB2 is receptor for class I MHC antigens. LILRB2 recognizes a broad spectrum of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-G alleles. LILRB2 competes with CD8A for binding to class I MHC antigens. LILRB2 / CD85d inhibits FCGR1A-mediated phosphorylation of cellular proteins and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions.
Description: Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 (LILRB2) is also known as CD85 antigen-like family member D (CD85d), Immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT-4), Monocyte / macrophage immunoglobulin-like receptor 10 (MIR-10), which is a member of the the subfamily B class of LIR receptors. LILRB2 is receptor for class I MHC antigens. LILRB2 recognizes a broad spectrum of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C and HLA-G alleles. LILRB2 competes with CD8A for binding to class I MHC antigens. LILRB2 / CD85d inhibits FCGR1A-mediated phosphorylation of cellular proteins and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions.
Description: This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LILRB2. Recognizes LILRB2 from Human. This antibody is HRP conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LILRB2. Recognizes LILRB2 from Human. This antibody is FITC conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against LILRB2. Recognizes LILRB2 from Human. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: Description of target: This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. It is thought to control inflammatory responses and cytotoxicity to help focus the immune response and limit autoreactivity. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: Assay Methodology: Quantitative Sandwich ELISA;Sensitivity: 0.1 ng/mL
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human LILRB2 - C-terminal region. This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: Human LILRB2, also known as Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2, GenBank Accession No. NM_005874, a.a 22-458, with C-terminal Avi-His-Tag™, and expressed in a HEK293 cell expression system. MW = 52 kDa.
Description: Human LILRB2, also known as Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2, GenBank Accession No. NM_005874, a.a 22-458, with C-terminal Avi-His-Tag and expressed in a HEK293 cell expression system. This protein is enzymatically biotinylated using Avi-Tag™ technology. Biotinylation is confirmed to be ≥90%. MW = 52 kDa. This protein runs at a higher molecular weight due to glycosylation.
Description: Human LILRB2, also known as Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2, GenBank Accession No. NM_005874, a.a 22-458, with C-terminal Avi-His-Tag and expressed in a HEK293 cell expression system. This protein is enzymatically biotinylated using Avi-Tag™ technology. Biotinylation is confirmed to be ≥90%. MW = 52 kDa. This protein runs at a higher molecular weight due to glycosylation.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Arabidopsis
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Corn
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Orange
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Potato
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Rice
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Wheat
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
First-Strand cDNA Synthesis SuperMix (cDNA up to 12 kb)
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human, Mouse Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 2 (LILRB2). This antibody is labeled with APC.
Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 2 (LILRB2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human, Mouse), Biotinylated
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human, Mouse Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 2 (LILRB2). This antibody is labeled with Biotin.
Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 2 (LILRB2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human, Mouse), Cy3
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human, Mouse Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 2 (LILRB2). This antibody is labeled with Cy3.
Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 2 (LILRB2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human, Mouse), FITC
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human, Mouse Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 2 (LILRB2). This antibody is labeled with FITC.
Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 2 (LILRB2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human, Mouse), HRP
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human, Mouse Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 2 (LILRB2). This antibody is labeled with HRP.
Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 2 (LILRB2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human, Mouse), PE
Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human, Mouse Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor Subfamily B, Member 2 (LILRB2). This antibody is labeled with PE.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
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Szybkie trójwymiarowe określanie kształtu białek globularnych metodą ruchliwości elektroforezy kapilarnej i natywnej spektrometrii masowej
Uznane wysokoprzepustowe metody proteomiki dostarczają ograniczonych informacji na temat stereostruktury białek. Tradycyjne technologie określania struktury białek zazwyczaj wymagają pracochłonnych etapów i nie mogą być wykonywane w sposób wysokoprzepustowy. W tym miejscu przedstawiamy nową metodę średniej przepustowości, łączącą ruchomą elektroforezę kapilarną (MCE) i natywną spektrometrię mas (MS) do trójwymiarowego (3D) określania kształtu białek kulistych w fazie ciekłej , która zapewnia zarówno strukturę geometryczną, jak i informacja o masie białek.
Stworzono teorię skorelowania promienia hydrodynamicznego jonów i rozkładu stanu ładunku w natywnym widmie masowym z parametrami geometrycznymi białka, za pomocą których można było określić strukturę (kształt) białka o niskiej rozdzielczości. Nasze dane testowe 11 różnych białek globularnych wykazały, że takie podejście pozwala nam określić kształty poszczególnych białek, kompleksów białkowych i białek w mieszaninie oraz monitorować zmiany konformacyjne białek. Oprócz dostarczania komplementarnych informacji o strukturze białka i możliwości analizy mieszanin, ta metoda oparta na MCE i natywnym MS jest szybka i ma niewielkie zużycie próbek, co sprawia, że może być potencjalnie stosowana w proteomice odgórnej i biologii strukturalnej do analizy nienaruszonych białek globularnych lub kompleksów białkowych.
Szybka immobilizacja powierzchniowa natywnych białek dzięki biokoniugacji typu amino-yne click on bez katalizatora
Immobilizacja powierzchniowa stanowi użyteczną platformę do biodetekcji, badań przesiewowych leków, inżynierii tkankowej i innych zastosowań chemicznych i biologicznych. Jednak niektóre ze stosowanych reakcji są nieefektywne i/lub skomplikowane, co ogranicza ich zastosowanie w immobilizacji. Tutaj stosujemy spontaniczną i wolną od katalizatora biokoniugację amino-yne click on w celu wygenerowania aktywowanych powierzchni funkcjonalizowanych grupami etynylowymi w celu szybkiego unieruchomienia natywnych białek i komórek.
Biocząsteczki, takie jak albumina surowicy bydlęcej (BSA) , ludzka IgG i peptyd C(RGDfK), mogą być kowalencyjnie unieruchomione na powierzchniach w ciągu zaledwie 30 minut. Warto zauważyć, że bioaktywność zakotwiczonych biocząsteczek pozostaje nienaruszona, co jest weryfikowane przez skuteczne wychwytywanie docelowych przeciwciał i komórek z roztworów zbiorczych. Ta strategia stanowi alternatywę dla wysoce wydajnej biofunkcjonalizacji powierzchni.
W reakcji wiązania loratadyny z surowicy ludzkiej ostrej fazy białkowej gliko alfa 1-kwasu białka
Loratadyna jest ważnym lekiem przeciwalergicznym. Jest lekiem przeciwhistaminowym drugiej generacji, stosowanym w leczeniu alergicznego nieżytu nosa, kataru siennego i pokrzywki. Kwasowa glikoproteina alfa-1 (AG) ludzkiej surowicy jest ważnym białkiem ostrej fazy i stwierdzono, że jej stężenie w surowicy zwiększa się w przypadku zapalenia i ostrej odpowiedzi. Interakcja wiązania między loratadyną i AG jest badana przy użyciu spektroskopii i technik dokowania molekularnego. Wyniki otrzymane z eksperymentów wygaszania fluorescencji wykazały, że intensywność fluorescencji AG jest wygaszana przez loratadynę. Loratadyna stwierdzono wiązania AG ze stałą wiązania ≈10 4 w temperaturze 298 Ok.
Stwierdzono, że zmiana energii swobodnej Gibba jest ujemna dla oddziaływania loratadyny z AG, co wskazuje, że proces wiązania jest spontaniczny. Wiązanie loratadyny z AG indukowało uporządkowane struktury w białku. Wiązania wodorowe i oddziaływania hydrofobowe były głównymi siłami wiązania między AG-loratadyną, jak wykazały wyniki dokowania molekularnego. Badanie to sugeruje znaczenie przestrzennego wiązania leku przeciwalergicznego z AG w chorobach, w których stężenie AG w osoczu wzrasta wielokrotnie, a interakcja z tym białkiem staje się istotna. Badanie to pomoże w odpowiednim zaprojektowaniu dawkowania leków i dostosowaniu ich w celu uzyskania optymalnych wyników leczenia. Przekazał Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Corn
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Orange
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Potato
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Rice
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Wheat
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Soy bean
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
First-Strand cDNA Synthesis SuperMix (cDNA up to 12 kb)
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.
